Knitting industry Internship report
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 History of knitting
2. How is Knitting is done
Chapter 2 Types of knitting machine
1. weft knitting machineChapter 3 Basic weft knitted structure
1. Plain knit structure2. Rib knit structure
3. Purl knit structure
Chapter 4 Types of knitting
2. Weft knitting
Chapter 5 Types of Needle
2. Beard Needle
Chapter 6 knitting cam
2. Engineering cam
3. knitting cam
Chapter 7 Sinker
2. loop formation
3. Holding Down
4. Knocking over
Chapter 8 Knit, Tuk, Miss Cam
Chapter 9 Many types of defect in knitted Fabric
Chapter 10 Fukahama knitting Machine Model
Chapter 11 Maintenance Flow chart of Knitting Machine
WHAT IS KNITTING? A BRIEF HISTORY OF KNITTING AND ITS USES
- There are many basic methods of making clothes, and knitting is one of the oldest of them; there are Egyptian knitted effects that date back to the 5th century AD. Hand-knitting can be done with just needles and yarn, and it doesn't need heavy equipment like looms, so it was and is an accessible and functional craft. A variety of knitting machines are also available today, to create knitted fabrics more quickly and automatically.
HISTORY OF KNITTING
- Knitting is believed to have originated in the Middle East in the 5th century and travelled to Europe with wool traders soon afterwards. Interestingly, the examples of early knitting from Egypt are actually made from cotton fibres, not wool. Many of them have Arabic blessings knitted into them, or symbols to ward off bad luck. In the 14th century, the knitted textile form was used by fishermen to make warm, woollen, weatherproof jumpers for trips to the sea. By the 16th century, knitting machines were used to knit hosiery for the elite classes.
- Knitting soon became a local industry in the Highlands and Scotland, employing men in factories to knit stockings that were exported to the rest of Europe. Soon, hats, shawls, bags, jumpers and other forms of knitwear were available in the market. The first knitting loom was built in 1816 and woollen mills were set up to create expensive garments. Eugene Rodier set up the first woollen textile factory in 1853.
- By the 20th century, knitwear was part of mainstream fashion. With the introduction of jersey dresses, cardigans and jumpers by fashion labels like Chanel, knitwear was a practical, fashionable and modern choice for men and women.
HOW IS KNITTING DONE?
- The knitting process basically involves continuously interlinking or knotting a series of loops of yarn using needles. These consecutive loops are intermeshed into the previous loop structure. Thus the new stitch secures the loop structure by locking the previous stitches that are suspended from it, eventually creating a sheet of material. Just like in weaving this sheet of materials is a two-dimensional fabric. The difference, however, is that the threads run straight or parallel in woven cloth, whereas the yarns follow a meandering path in knit fabric. The symmetric looping of yarn causes the resulting fabric to be elastic and stretchy, a highly desirable property that makes knitwear a wardrobe staple in winter.
- Knitting is done by hand or using machines. In hand-knitting, the fabric is produced using flat knitting or circular knitting methods. We use two straight needles for flat knitting, while circular knitting is performed with sets of double-pointed needles or circular needles. While flat knitting produces two-dimensional flat fabric, circular knitting creates tubular-shaped fabric.
- The basic process begins with casting on, or the creation of stitches on the needle. Different methods of casting yield different effects on the finished fabric. By varying the insertion of the needle into the previous stitch in different ways, different types of stitches are made and desired patterns can be formed in the fabric.
Types of Knitting Machines
- Weft knitting machine
- Warp knitting machine
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| Knitting machine |
1. Weft knitting machines can be also divided into three types. They are:
- Flatbar.
- Straight bar.
- Circular.
1. Flat bars can be also divided into four types. They are:
- Flat bet.
- V-bed.
- Single bed.
- Unidirectional.
2. Straight bars can be also divided into two types. They are:
- Single needle.
- Double-needle.
3. Circulars can be divided into two types. They are:
- Revolving cylinder.
- Circular bearded single jersey.
Revolving cylinders can be also divided into two types. They are:
- Sinker top open top single jersey.
- Cylinder and dil.
2. Circular bearded single jersey can be also divided into two types. They are:
- Sinker wheel.
- Loop wheel.
2. Warp knitting machines can be also divided into two types. They are:
Raschel.
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Tricot.
1. Weft knitting machines can be also divided into three types. They are:
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Flat bar.
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Straight bar.
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Circular.
Basic Weft knitted structures:
2. Rib structure.
3. Purl knit structure.
4. Interlock structure.
1. Plain knit structure:
Features of plain knit structures:
A plain knit structure is a simplest and most basic structure. It's also called a single-knit structure.
It's produced by the needles of one set of needles with all the loops intermeshed in the same direction. We can identify the plain knit structure fabrics as following properties
1. The fabric is unbalanced and different appearance on the face and backside. V shapes on the face and Arcs on the back.
2. Lengthwise extensibility of the fabric is moderate (10-20%). and widthwise extensibility is high (30-50%).
3. The fabric extensibility area is moderate to high.
4. The fabric is thicker and warmer than plain woven made from the same yarn.
5. The plain knit structure can be easily unravelled from the edge which was knitted last. Unloving either end.
6. The fabric has a tendency to curl.
End Uses:
Plain knit structures are used for the basic T-shirt (men's and ladies), undergarments, men's vests, ladies' hosiery, fully fashioned knitwear etc.
2. Rib structures:
Features of rib structure:
The rib is the second family of knit structures. It's also called double-knit.
It requires two sets of needles operating in between each other so that wales of face stitches and wales of back stitches are knitted on each side of the fabric. We can identify the Rib structure fabrics as following properties.
1. Same appearance on both sides of rib fabric. Like the face of the plain.
2. Lengthwise extensibility of the fabric is moderate and widthwise extensibility is very high (50-100%).
3. The fabric extensibility area is high.
4. The fabric is much thicker and warmer than plain woven.
5. Rib structures can be unravelled from the edge knitted last. Unloving only from the end knitted last.
6. No tendency to curl.
3. Purl knit structures:
Purl knit structures are the third family of knit structures. As with rib structures, it requires the participation of both needle beds for the production of the loops.
Features of Purl structure:
2. Lengthwise extensibility is very high and widthwise extensibility is high.
3. The fabric extensibility area is very high.
4. Very much thicker and warmer than plain woven.
5. Unroving either end.
6. No tendency to curl.
End Uses:
Purl structures are used for---Children's clothing, knitwear, thick and heavy outerwear etc.
4. Interlock structures:
Interlock is another 1x1 rib variant structure which is produced on specially designed machines.
Those machines possess two sets of needles (short and long needles) in both cylinder and dial and at least two feeders.
Features of Interlock Structure:
2. Lengthwise extensibility is moderate and widthwise extensibility is moderate.
3. Extensibility area is moderate.
4. Very much thicker and warmer than plain woven.
5. Unroving only from the end knitted last.
6. No tendency to curl.
Interlock relaxes by about 30–40 per cent or more, compared with its knitted width, so that a 30-inch (76 cm) diameter machine will produce a tube of 94-inch (2.4 m) open width which finishes at 60–66 inches (1.5–1.7 m) wide. It is a balanced, smooth, stable structure that lies flat without curl. Like a 1x1 rib, it will not unproven from the end knitted first, but it is thicker, heavier and narrower than the rib of an equivalent gauge, and requires a finer, better, more expensive yarn.
End Uses:
Interlock structures are used for Underwear, shirts, suits, trousers suits, sportswear, dresses etc.
There are two types of knitting:
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Warp knitting
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Weft knitting
In warp knitting all the loops are available in wale-wise wale in weft knitting, the entire fabric may be produced from a single yarn, by adding stitches to each turn.
Warp Knitting
Warp Knitting Manufacture
Warp knitting is the least common form of knitting. Instead of the stitches running horizontally across the knitted piece of fabric, like in weft knitting, they run vertically down the fabric. They are knitted in continuous widths, meaning that long pieces of fabric are made and then the garments are cut out, much like it would be done with a woven piece of fabric. It is the most complex form of knitting; this is why it is seldom used. Warp knitting requires the use of a machine, it cannot be done by hand.
Warp knitting is generally used for knitting fibres such as Armaid, Carbon and glass as it puts less pressure on them and uses more careful handling than weft knitting. It is the fastest method of producing fabrics from yarns as one of the main differences from weft knitting is that each needle has its own yarn which produces a zig-zag chain, these chains are then all interlinked to produce fabric, but this does mean that the width of the fabric cannot be increased or decreased like it can with weft knitting. Warp knitting is useful because it can process many different yarns that regular knitting machines cannot such as staple, filament, combed and carded. Warp knitting machines can also be used to make pile fabric.
Properties of Warp Knitting:-
- Less elastic than weft knitting
- More run resistant than weft knitting
- Denser than weft knitting
- Less like to become misshapen that weft knitting
- The type and weight of yarn dictate the type of fabric that is produced
- Warm to wear
- Comfortable
- Usually soft and drapey
- Curls at the edges
- Easy to sew
End Uses of Warp Knitting
- Historically used for blouses, lingerie and gloves
- Often used as an unlined material for jackets, coats and skirts and dresses
- Tricot is often used for underwear
- Lace fabric and trimmings
Weft Knitting:-
Weft Knitting Manufacture
Weft knitting is a knitted piece of fabric where the stitches run from left to right horizontally across the fabric. It is usually knitted with one piece of yarn, and can be made either by hand or using a knitting machine. Weft knitting is the most common form of knitting as it is simpler than warp knitting, the other form of knitting.
The knitting machine was invented to speed up the manufacturing process of knitted products. It also meant that patterns were more calculated and symmetrical. It also meant that fewer mistakes were made as it is harder to drop stitches and cause ladders. Nowadays many of the knitted garments that are mass-produced are produced in factories using knitting machines.
Types of Weft knitting include Jersey, Double Knit, Circular Knitting, Fair Isle and Cable knit. All of these knits are generally produced using a knitting machine as a finer gauge, more delicate fabric can be produced but hand knitting is still used, mainly as a hobby nowadays.
Properties of Weft Knitting
- Very elastic
- Warm to wear
- Comfortable
- Shrinks easily
- Different properties can be achieved depending on the yarns used
- Can stretch out of shape easily
- Does not fray
- Unravels when cut
- Curls up at the edges
- Various colours/patterns can be achieved
- Good Insulator
End Uses of Weft Knitting
- Underwear
- Hosiery
- T-Shirts
- Sportswear
- Baby Clothes
- Pyjamas
- Knitwear such as Jumpers, Scarves, Hats and Glove
TYPES OF NEEDLE
LATCH NEEDLE
Latch needles were used on raschel and crochet machines. The latch needle is composed of a curved hook, a latch, or tumbler, that swings on a rivet just below the hook, and the stem, or butt. It is sometimes called the self-acting needle because no presser is needed; the hook is closed by the pressure of a completed loop on the latch as it rises on the shaft. Needles differ greatly in thickness, gauge, and in length. Pierre Jeanneau patented the first latch needle (also known as the tumbler needle) in 1806 but there is no evidence of its practical use. There is also no evidence that the pivoting of a broken pocket knife blade led to the development of the latch spoon.
Latch Needle Characteristics:
3. Self-acting or loop controlled.
4. Work at any angle.
5. Needle Depth determines the loop length.
6. Variation of the height of reciprocating produces knit, tuck or moss stitch.
Uses of Latch Needle:
- Double Cylinder Machine,
- Flat Bar Machine,
- Single Jersey Circular Knitting Machine,
- Double Jersey Circular Knitting Machine.
The stem: The stem is the main part of the needle and its thickness is proportional to the machine gauge; the stem is arranged between the rods and the pockets of the needle bed, which acts as a guide; the stem can be bent to allow the needle to keep the position set by the selection mechanism.
The butt: the butt is the stem section in contact with the cams or the selection mechanism; the cams and selection mechanism generates the upward and downward strokes of the needle: the height of the butt can vary according to the different operating possibilities. A latch needle can have one or more butts, arranged at different levels.
The hook: the hook is the upper-end segment of the stem. It picks up the yarn fed by the thread guide to form the stitch. Height, diameter, length, thickness, shape and position are the main parameters of a hook. The latch holder: The latch holder is the part of the needle carrying the latch pin. The latch can be assembled in three different ways:
- It can be screwed (this manufacturing technology is rather complex);
- Itcanbe“R”standardpressed(whenithasastraighthole); Itcanbe“A”anglepressed(whenithasaslanthole)
The latch: It is shrunk on the pin and it can freely rotate in both directions; its length determines the stroke the needle must cover to form the stitch. At the latch end, there is a recess (the “spoon”), which allows the thickness resulting from the mating of the latch and the hook to be reduced. The yarn must fit under the open latch but the surface on which the loop must slide must not be too thick; for this reason, a special pocket, or “throat”, is machined on the needle stem.
BEARD NEEDLE
Main Parts of Bearded Needle:
Bearded needled contains the below parts-
1. The head,
2. The stem
3. The bearded,
4. The shank,
5. The eye or groove.
The function of Bearded Needle Parts:
The main functions of bearded needle parts have been pointed out in the following:
- Here, the stem is turned into a hook to draw the new loop through the old loop during running.
- Groove, and cut in the stem for receiving the pointed tip of the bearded.
- In the stem where the needle loop has formed.
- In shank, this may be bent for individual locations in the knitting machine with others in a metal lead.
- In bearded, it is the curved downward construction of the hook which is ultimately used to separate the old loop.
Key Advantages of Bearded Needle:
Important advantages of the bearded needle are-
- The bearded needle is the simple and cheapest type.
- The bearded needle is also known as a spring needle.
- Also, suitable for loop transfer during fabric manufacturing.
- The bearded needle is used in a very fine gauge knitting machine.
- Bearded needles have needed closing elements.
- It is less expensive than other types of needles for a knitting machine.
Uses of Bearded Needle in Knitting Machine:
The main purposes of using a bearded needle in knitting machines are-
1. It is vastly used in tricot warp knitting machines.
2. Also used in single jersey circular knitting m/c.
3. Bearded needle is used in flat bar full fashioning m/c.
What is Knitting Cam | Interlock Cam System:-
Knitting cams are the one which commands the various needles movement. The needle butt moves between the grooves of the cams. The shape of the needle cam grooves depends on the required knitting pattern. The basic shapes of needle cam are shown in the figure below. The cams are placed outside the needle bed; each feed system is provided with its own cam group. In Double-bed, two cam frames, one around the cylinder and the other above the dial. All the cams are fixed to a bearing structure called a “cam frame”. On single-bed machines, the cam frame is stationary, while the needle-bed revolves i.e. a cylinder. Outside the cams, on each feed system, there are special micrometricscrews, which adjust the stroke of the lowering cams and determine accurately the length of the yarn feed.
CAMS | TYPES OF CAMS | KNITTING CAMS | ENGINEERING CAMS
Cams are the devices which convert the rotary machine drive into a suitable reciprocating action for the other elements. The cams are carefully profiled to produce precisely-timed movement and dwell periods and are of two types, engineering cams and knitting cams. The movements may be represented in the form of a time- displacement graph.
2. Knitting
1. ENGINEERING CAM
Circular engineering cams or high-speed eccentrics control the motion of bars of elements which move en masse as single units in Cottons Patent and warp knitting machines. They are attached to a rotary drive shaft situated parallel to, and below, the needle bar. Several identical cams are positioned along the shaft to ensure correctly aligned movement. The drive is transmitted and adapted via cam followers, levers, pivots and rocker shafts. One complete 360- degree revolution of the drive shaft is equivalent to one knitting cycle, and it produces all the required movements of the elements in their correctly-timed relationship.
2 KNITTING CAM
The other type of cam, the angular knitting cam (see Fig), acts directly onto the butts of needles or other elements to produce individual or serial movement in the tricks of a latch needle weft knitting machine.
Two arrangements exist:
(a) Revolving cylinder machines – the needle butts pass through the stationary cam system and the fabric hanging from the needles revolves with them.
(b) Reciprocating cam-carriage flat machines or rotating cam-
box circular machines – the cams with the yarn feeds pass across the
stationary needle beds.
Different types of Sinkers
The sinker is the second primary knitting element (the needle is the first).
It is a thin metal plate with an individual or a collective action operating approximately at right angles from the hook side of the needle bed, between adjacent needles.
Functions of a SINKER:-
It may perform one or more of the following functions, dependent upon the machine’s knitting action and consequent sinker shape and movement:
- Loop formation
- Holding-down
- Knocking-over
Loop forming sinker
On bearded needle weft knitting machines of the straight bar frame and sinker-wheel type (as on Lee’s hand frame), the main purpose of a sinker is to sink or kink the newly laid yarn into a loop (Figure) as its forward edge or catch (C) advances between the two adjacent needles.
Knock over sinker
The third function of the sinker – as a knock-over surface – is illustrated in Fig. where its upper surface or belly (B) supports the old loop (O) as the new loop (NL) is drawn through it.
On Tricot warp knitting machines the sinker belly is specially shaped to assist with landing as well as knock-over.
On Raschel warp knitting machines, many V-bed flats, and cylinder and dial circular machines, the verge or upper surface of the trick plate serves as the knock-over surface.
Holding down sinker
The second and more common function of sinkers on modern machines is to hold down the old loops at a lower level on the needle stems than the new loops that are being formed and to prevent the old loops from being lifted as the needles rise to clear them from their hooks.
In Fig., the protruding nib or nose of’ the sinker (N) is positioned over the sinker loop of the old loop (O), preventing it from rising with the needle.
On tricot warp knitting machines and single bed weft knitting machines, a slot or throat (T in Fig.) is cut to hold and control the old loop.
CAM
Cam is the third primary knitting element which converts the rotary machine drive into a suitable reciprocating action to the needles or other elements. Knitting cams are of three types:
TYPES OF CAM:-
2. Tuck cam
3. Missed cam
MANY TYPES OF DEFECTS IN KNITTED FABRIC:-
DROP STITCHES
Drop Stitches are defects which are small or big holes of the same or different sizes.
Causes:
- High Yarn Tension.
- Yarn Over feed or Under feed.
- High Fabric Take Down Tension.
- Defects like Slubs, Knotsetc.
BARRIE
Barrenness defect appears in the Knitted fabric in the form of horizontal stripes of uniform or variable width.
Causes:
- Mixing of the yarn lots
- High Yarn Tension
- Count Variation
- Package hardness variation
STREAKINESS
Streaks in the Knitted fabrics appear as irregularly spaced & sized thin horizontal lines.
Causes:
- Faulty winding of they are packaged.
Imperfections occur on fabric surfaces in the form of unevenly placed or randomly appearing Knots, Slubs & Neps, and Thick & Thin places in the yarn.
Causes:
- Big Knots, Slubs & Neps in the yarn, Thick & Thin yarn.
SNARLS
Snarls are the form of big loops of yarn getting twisted due to the high twist in the yarn.
Causes:
The high twist in the yarn.
SPIRALITY
Spirality is the twisting of garments after washing. The seams on both sides of the garment dislocate from their position & appear on the front & back of the garment.
Causes:
- High Twist Per Inch of the Hosiery Yarn.
- Uneven Fabric tension on the Knitting machine.
- Unequal rate of Fabric feed on the Stenter, Calender & Compactor machines.
Needle lines are prominent vertical lines along the length of the fabric which are easily visible in the grey as well as finished.
Causes:
- Bent Latches, Needle Hooks & Needle stems
- Wrong Needle selection (The wrong sequence of needles, put in the Cylinder or Dial)
HORIZONTAL LINES
These are caused by unevenness in the courses; they traverse horizontally and repeat themselves regularly or irregularly.
Causes:
- Fault in the bobbin.
- Irregular tension on cams.
BROKEN NEEDLES/ LADDERING
Defects caused by the broken needles show prominently as vertical lines parallel to Wales. There are no loops formed in the Wale which has a broken needle.
Causes:
- High Yarn Tension
- Bad Setting of the Yarn Feeders
- Old & Worn out Needle set Breakage of hook or butt in the needle.
- Cylinder Grooves are too tight restricting needle movement.
SINKER LINES
Sinker lines are prominent or feeble vertical lines appearing parallel to Wales along the length of the knitted fabric tube.
Causes:
- Bent or Worn out Sinkers
- Sinkers are tight in the Sinker Ring grooves.
SNAGGING
Snags mainly occur while processing filament yarns. The tendency towards snagging can be reduced by using yarns with a coarser single filament count, lesser crimp elasticity and higher twist.
Causes:
- Caused by the pulling or the plucking of yarn from the fabric surface, by sharp objects
BOWING
Bowing appears as rows of courses or yarn-dyed stripes forming a bow shape along the fabric width.
Causes:
- Uneven distribution of tensions across the fabric width while dyeing or finishing the fabric.
Circular knitting machines from Fukahama Machinery
Fukushima Machinery Co, established on November 1, 1983, is a professional manufacturer of circular knitting machines. For many years, the company has endeavoured to expand into foreign markets and has continued to advance technology and improve its products.
Fukushima Machinery Co, established on November 1, 1983, is a professional manufacturer of the circular knitting machine. For many years, the company has endeavoured to expand into foreign markets and has continued to advance technology and improve its products. Fukushima circular knitting machines are sold all over the world as follows: South Asia, other areas of Asia, the Middle East, Europe, Africa, America, South America, etc.
Single Jersey Series Knitting Machine
Model: SH-XFA & SH-BFA
Double Jersey Series Knitting Machine
Model: SH-BIR2, SH-RBG4, SH-IAG24, SH-IAG22(4.2F) Single Jersey (+3 Thread Fleece) Series Knitting Machine Model: SH-FDF3 & SH-FDF4
Loop-Pile Series Knitting Machine
Model: SH-2SP & SH-2SPA
Vertical Wrap Series Knitting Machine
Model: SH-VWJ & SH-VW1
Semi-Jacquard Series Knitting Machine
Model: SH-SSJ & SH-DSJ
Electronic Series
Model: SH-CRB2 (Electronic rib knitting machine)
Model: SH-DEJ (Double Knit Electronic Jacquard machine)
The procedure is that the customer places the order, and after the confirmation, the agent will send an order confirmation. Then the machine is put into production. If the customer needs some special specification product, the company can produce it accordingly.
On average, the company produces about 300 sets of machines per year. To meet the extensive demand, Fukahama expanded its factory to about 3,000 square meters in the year 2007. It is estimated that production will increase to 800 sets of machines per year.
The main purpose is to provide high-quality and efficient products to its customer; furthermore, the company hopes its machines can not only meet its customer’s demands but also bring them more profit and a great future in the textile field.
Maintenance Flow Chart of Circular Knitting Machine
A circular knitting machine is widely used throughout the knitting industry to produce fabric. This machine can be used either as fabric or for making garments completely with fancy stitches. Normally latch needle is used in a modern circular knitting machine. Maintenance is necessary to get better working efficiency. This post-maintenance process of a circular knitting machine is given below.
Maintenance Sequence of Circular Knitting Machine:
After opening and cleaning, the m/c is levelled by using a levelling meter and follows the reverse process to ready the m/c.
In this machine, yarn count is basically dependent on the needle pitch. As the diameter of yarn is proportional to its yarn count in the direct system, a relationship exists between the range of optimum counts of yarn that could be knitted on a particular machine and the gauge of the machine. Machine gauge could play an influential role in the choice of yarn count and can have an effect on fabric properties. Thus it’s essential to obtain an optimal balance of yarn count and machine gauge to ensure the best knitting performance for a specific machine gauge and structure, with a high machine efficiency and minimum fabric fault rate.
Circular knitting machines always produce a tube-shaped fabric. It exists in different sizes or diameters, though it’s depending on the field of application. The needles & sinkers in the machine are arranged in a circle.
Circular Knitting Machines may divide into two different types. Depending on the number of sets of needles:
1. Single set: plain.
2. Two sets: rib, interlock, and spacer fabric.
Both single-set and double-set machines have also existed as Jacquard machines. Those are needed for special designs. In these machines, the movement of each needle could control by each cam. Common products that might produce with circular knitted fabric are T-SHIRT. For production, nearly every material could use. The form varies from filament to staple fibre yarn.
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During this internship period, I got a lot of knowledge and communication skills with strangers. I learnt many new things about weaving as well as business.
Working as an intern may allow me to meet a potential mentor naturally and establish a relationship that helps guide my career path. The supervisors and mentors I met during my internship can be valuable references for me as I pursue a full-time job. The more positive and hardworking I am, the more likely managers are willing to recommend me for open positions. References generated from an internship can be valuable in my job searches because those managers will have known me personally and seen how I contributed to the company. The transition from college to full-time employment can fill me with excitement, anxiety, hope and ambition all at once. An internship is a good way to fill some transition time with the work I hope to do long term. It can eliminate some pressure of quickly finding a permanent job and help me to apply the skills and knowledge I have been studying to a practical situation. Internships can show me how a company develops leaders rather than just learning about it in the abstract. I can observe excellent time management skills and make a note of those that I want to emulate.
Continue read,
Part 1 Spinning Internship report - Alok (Spinning and Testing)
Part 2 Textile testing internship report
Part 3 Internship report in the garment Industry
Part 4 Knitting industry Internship report
Part 5 Spinning Internship report - Pashupati (Spinning and yarn Testing)
Part 6 Garment Internship report - Komal, Ahmedabad
Part 7 Internship report in Printing and embroidery industry (Mayur-Jetpur)
Part 8 Printing unit Internship report
Part 9 Spinning internship report - Vinod spinners, Ahmedabad
Part 10 Weaving Internship report (Donear mill)
Writer - Jigarkumar Patel (Textile technologist - LDCE, Ahmedabad)
