Machines used for Vat dyeing
(B) Standfast molten metal process
Explanation -
(A) Dyeing of yarn in an open beck:
The yarn may be dyed using this procedure, which is the earliest and easiest.
Unbent or straight rods (or sticks) long enough to span the width of the tank are employed in the procedure, which takes the shape of an open rectangular tank.
On the rods that typically support 1 kg of 1 anks each, the hanks are hanged.
Two workers, who are on opposing sides of the beck, handle the rods as they're being dyed.
With the help of a straight rod that the workers skilfully handle, the hanks are physically twisted around.
As a result, the parts of every rod's hanks that are exposed to the air are each submerged within the alcohol once.
The yarn hanks are rotated around on each pole at regular intervals to use dye.
It is recommended to rotate the hanks as often as possible.
Using bent rods guarantees even colouring since it keeps the fabric completely submerged during the entire dying procedure.
As may be seen in the Figure below, a bent rod with hanks hung from it submerged within the dye bath.
The twisting of the fabric does present some challenges, though. additionally, the hanks occasionally have a bent to float within the dye bath if the yarn has not been well-scoured, which makes manual handling challenging.
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| Open-beck method |
Steam, coal, or wood can all be accustomed to heating the tank. The open-beck method entails subsequent precautions to provide consistent dyeing.
(i)The object should be forcefully agitated during the dyeing process, especially in the beginning, to make sure that the whole object makes uniform contact with the dye fluid.
(ii) All of the hank rods that are being dyed are withdrawn and placed at one end of the tank during additions, exposing the material to the air. Hydros and sodium hydroxide have to be added frequently to resolve this issue.
(iii) The dyer should have a correct knowledge of the properties of dyes, especially the rates of dyeing of vat dyes.
(iv) to confirm level dyeing, it's crucial to keep up the liquor ratio and dyeing temperature in addition to the presence of sodium hydroxide and hydros.
(v) Careful consideration should run to the dyes chosen for creating mixed hues, and whenever possible, dyes from the identical family should be chosen.
Separating each component dye in an exceeding vat is often advantageous.
(vi) due to the disparities in fastness characteristics and therefore the various speeds of dyeing, it's best to avoid combining blue and yellow and yellow and green.
Questions -
- Which types of machines are used for the Vat dyeing process?
- Explain the vat dyeing of yarn in an open beck.
References
Hussain, T. (2007, November 19). Important considerations in dyeing with vat dyes. Fibre2fashion.com; Fibre2Fashion. https://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/2701/important-considerations-in-dyeing-with-vat-dyes
Kim, M. R., Kim, H., & Lee, J. J. (2013). Dyeing and fastness properties of vat dyes on meta-aramid woven fabric. Fibers and Polymers, 14(12), 2038–2044. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-013-2038-7
Patwary, E. M. Z. (2012, May 4). What is vat dye. Textile Fashion Study; Engr. Mohammad Zillane Patwary. https://textilefashionstudy.com/properties-of-vat-dye-uses/
Saha, S. (2018, October 21). Vat Dyes. Blogger. https://www.onlineclothingstudy.com/2018/10/vat-dyes-indigo-dyes-application-of-vat.html
Sharmin, F. (2017, November 18). Dyeing of cotton with vat dye. Textile Study Center. https://textilestudycenter.com/vat-dye/
The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. (2015). vat dye. In Encyclopedia Britannica.
Continue read,
Part 2 Application of vat dyes - vatting
Part 3 Methods of vat dyeing
Part 4 Vat dyeing machine - Yarn dyeing in the open beck
Part 5 Stripping of Vat dyes
Part 6 Introduction of Indigo dyeing
Part 7 Solubilised Vat Dyestuffs
Writer - Rushikesh Patil (Textile Engineer)
