Tensile strength
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| Tensile strength of the fabric |
- Tensile strength is used to measure the behaviour of fabric while under an axial stretching load.
- The breaking load and elongation property of fabric can also be obtained by tensile strength.
- Measurement of tensile stress-strain behaviour of fabric is a common mechanical measurement.
- In this test method, the sample is held in two or more places and extended until it breaks. During this, The tensile properties measured at the breaking point are generally considered arbitrary rather than absolute.
- Fabric can be broken into two methods and the measurement of each method is separate.
- The first is a sharp break and another is a percentage break.
- In case of a sharp break, it is happening by the sudden drop of load on fabric ends. This test is known as pull to break tensile strength measurement.
- In the case of a percentage break, it is happening due to a gradual reduction in the load from its maximum extension applied to the fabric. A percentage drop from the maximum load is often used to define an endpoint or breakpoint. This test is known as pull to yield tensile strength measurement.
- Both tests have the same setup parameters so that in one instrument, both tests can be possible. Most test methods report both maximum load and load at the break, as the breaking strength is not always the maximum strength for the material, especially for soft and elastic fabrics.
- Measurement of tensile strength
The tensile strength can be measured by the principle of three main modules.
- Constant-rate-of-extension (CRE)
- Constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT)
- Constant-rate-of-load(CRL).
(For more details read - Strength testing - CRE, CRT AND CRL principles)
Among them, the CRE modulus is suitable for the measurement of fabric tensile strength.
For this test method, the size and accuracy of the load cell is 0.5–25 kN, the distance of cross-head travel is 0.1–2 m and the rate of cross-head travel is 0.1–500 mm/min is required.
Common tensile strength results include maximum load, deflection at maximum load, load at the break, and deflection at the break of the fabric specimen.
(Other data like work at maximum load, stiffness, work at break, stress, strain, and Young’s modulus can be calculated from the above results.)
Nowadays in modern machines, fully automatic strength can be measured and utilize a computer program to capture the data and calculate any additional results.
Questions -
- Why tensile strength is measured?
- A detailed description of tensile strength.
- Which principles are used in measuring tensile strength?
References
Booth, J. E. :. (n.d.). Principles of textile testing an introduction to physical methods of testing textile fibres, yarns, and fabrics. London: National Trade Press Ltd,1961. from https://www.abebooks.co.uk/Principles-Textile-Testing-Introduction-Physical-Methods/19989810376/bd
Cenote, M. (2015). Google Books. In The SAGE Guide to Key Issues in Mass Media Ethics and Law (pp. 847–858). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Ferreiro López-Riobóo, J. I. (2015). Long-term (2001–2012) study of a proficiency testing scheme for textiles. Accreditation and Quality Assurance, 20(4), 239–245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-015-1128-1
Babu, S. (n.d.). Fabric tensile strength test. Textileadvisor.com. from https://www.textileadvisor.com/2021/06/fabric-tensile-strength-test.html
Fabric Strength. (2020, September 12). Texpedi: A Reliable Source of Learning Textiles; //www.texpedi.com/. https://www.texpedi.com/2020/09/fabric-strength-testing.html
Mobarak Hossain, M. (2016). A review of different factors of woven fabrics’ strength prediction. Science Research, 4(3), 88. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20160403.13
(N.d.-b). Researchgate.net. from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287267458_Strength_properties_of_fabrics_Understanding_testing_and_enhancing_fabric_strength
Further reading -
- Part- 1 Fabric tensile strength test
- Part- 2 Fabric breaking strength test
- Part- 3 Fabric tearing strength test
- Part- 4 The Elmendorf fabric tearing tester
- Part- 5 Fabric seam strength test
- Part- 6 Fabric bursting strength test
Writer - DSPAT Team
